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Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
The Siege of Jerusalem was a siege on the city of Jerusalem that lasted from September 20 to October 2, 1187, when Balian of Ibelin surrendered the city to Saladin. Citizens wishing to leave paid a ransom.〔"Crusades" 2011〕 The defeat of Jerusalem signaled the end of the first Kingdom of Jerusalem. Europe responded in 1189 by launching the Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart, Philip Augustus, and Frederick Barbarossa separately.〔"Kingdom of Jerusalem" 2009〕
==Background==
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, weakened by internal disputes, was defeated at the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187. Most of the nobility were taken prisoner, including King Guy. Thousands of Muslim slaves were freed.〔(Saladin and the Fall of Jerusalem By Geoffrey Regan Page 135 )〕〔God's War: A New History of the Crusades By Christopher Tyerman Page 230 ()〕〔Knights of Jerusalem: The Crusading Order of Hospitallers 1100-1565 By David Nicolle Page 73 ()〕 By mid-September, Saladin had taken Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut, and Ascalon. The survivors of the battle and other refugees fled to Tyre, the only city able to hold out against Saladin, due to the fortuitous arrival of Conrad of Montferrat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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